Following the critically acclaimed Zen at War (1997), Brian Victoria explores the intimate relationship between Japanese institutional Buddhism and militarism during the Second World War.
Victoria reveals for the first time, through examination of the wartime writings of the Japanese military itself, that the Zen school's view of life and death was deliberately incorporated into the military's programme of 'spiritual education' in order to develop a fanatical military spirit in both soldiers and civilians.  Furthermore, that D. T. Suzuki, the most famous exponent of Zen in the West, is shown to have been a wartime proponent of this Zen-inspired viewpoint which enabled Japanese soldiers to leave for the battlefield already resigned to death.  Victoria takes us onto the naval battlefield in the company of warrior-monk and Rinzai Zen Master Nakajima Genjô.  We view the war in China through the eyes of a Buddhist military chaplain.  The book also examines the relationship to Buddhism of Japan's seven Class-A war criminals who were hung by the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal in 1948.
A highly controversial study, this book will be of interest, first and foremost, to students of Zen as well as all those studying the history of this period, not to mention anyone concerned with the perennial question of the 'proper' relationship between religion and the state.

Contents:
Preface Part I 1. The Zen Master Wept 2. Monks and Soldiers Move on their Stomachs 3. The Zen of Assassination 4. Oomori Sôgen - the Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde of Zen 5. Zen Master Dôgen Goes to War - The Militarist and Anti-Semitic Writings of Yasutani Haku'un 6. Carrying Zen to China 7. Zen "Selflessness" in Japanese Militarism: Section One: The General and the Zen Master Zen; Section Two: The Foundation of Military Spirit Part II 8. Buddhist War Bereavement 9. Confessions of a Buddhist Chaplain 10. Buddhism - The Last Refuge of War Criminals: Section One: Colonel Tsuji Masanobu Goes Underground; Section Two: Finding Religion on Death Row 11. Buddhism - A Top Secret Religion in Wartime Japan; Epilogue, Notes, Works Cited, Index